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      <h1 id="SpringBoot-07-Thymeleaf引擎"><a href="#SpringBoot-07-Thymeleaf引擎" class="headerlink" title="SpringBoot-07-Thymeleaf引擎"></a>SpringBoot-07-Thymeleaf引擎</h1><h2 id="1-模板引擎"><a href="#1-模板引擎" class="headerlink" title="1. 模板引擎"></a>1. 模板引擎</h2><p>​    前端交给我们的页面，是html页面。如果是我们以前开发，我们需要把他们转成jsp页面，jsp好处就是当我们查出一些数据转发到JSP页面以后，我们可以用jsp轻松实现数据的显示，及交互等。</p>
<p>​    jsp支持非常强大的功能，包括能写Java代码。但是我们现在的情况是，SpringBoot首先是以jar包的方式，不是war包，第二，我们用的是内嵌的Tomcat容器，它现在默认是不支持jsp的。</p>
<p>​    那不支持jsp，如果直接用纯静态页面的方式，那给开发会带来非常大的麻烦，那怎么办呢？</p>
<p>​    <strong>SpringBoot推荐你可以来使用模板引擎：</strong></p>
<p>​    <a id="more"></a></p>
<p>​    <strong>模板引擎，</strong>其实大家听到很多，其实jsp就是一个模板引擎，还有用的比较多的freemarker，包括SpringBoot给我们推荐的Thymeleaf，模板引擎有非常多，但再多的模板引擎，他们的思想都是一样的</p>
<p>​    模板引擎的作用就是我们来写一个页面模板，比如其中有些值是动态的，就要写一些表达式。而这些值从哪里来，是从后台封装的一些数据，然后把这个模板和这个数据交给模板引擎，模板引擎按照我们的这个数据把这表达式解析，填充到指定的位置，然后把这个数据最终生成一个我们想要的内容给我们写进去，这就是我们的模板引擎。</p>
<p>​    只不过呢，就是说不同模板引擎之间，他们可能这个语法有点不一样。</p>
<h2 id="2-引入-Thymeleaf"><a href="#2-引入-Thymeleaf" class="headerlink" title="2. 引入 Thymeleaf"></a>2. 引入 Thymeleaf</h2><p>​    怎么引入呢，对于springboot来说，<strong>什么事情不都是一个start的事情嘛</strong>，我们去在项目中引入一下。给大家三个网址：</p>
<p>Thymeleaf 官网：<a href="https://www.thymeleaf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.thymeleaf.org/</a></p>
<p>Thymeleaf 在Github 的主页：<a href="https://github.com/thymeleaf/thymeleaf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/thymeleaf/thymeleaf</a></p>
<p>Spring官方文档：找到我们对应的版本</p>
<p><a href="https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#using-boot-starter" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.2.5.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#using-boot-starter</a> </p>
<p>找到对应的pom依赖：可以适当点进源码看下本来的包！</p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--thymeleaf--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.springframework.boot<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">groupId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">artifactId</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">dependency</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>Maven会自动下载对应的包</p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200328214105.png" alt=""></p>
<h2 id="3-Thymeleaf-分析"><a href="#3-Thymeleaf-分析" class="headerlink" title="3. Thymeleaf 分析"></a>3. Thymeleaf 分析</h2><p>前面呢，我们已经引入了Thymeleaf，那这个要怎么使用呢？</p>
<p>我们首先得按照SpringBoot的自动配置原理看一下我们这个Thymeleaf的自动配置规则，在按照那个规则，我们进行使用。</p>
<p><strong>去找一下Thymeleaf的自动配置类：ThymeleafProperties</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@ConfigurationProperties</span>(</span><br><span class="line">    prefix = <span class="string">"spring.thymeleaf"</span></span><br><span class="line">)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ThymeleafProperties</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String DEFAULT_PREFIX = <span class="string">"classpath:/templates/"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">final</span> String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = <span class="string">".html"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> checkTemplate = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">boolean</span> checkTemplateLocation = <span class="keyword">true</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String prefix = <span class="string">"classpath:/templates/"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String suffix = <span class="string">".html"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> String mode = <span class="string">"HTML"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">private</span> Charset encoding;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>​    可以看到其中的前缀和后缀！</p>
<p>​    我们要做的只需要<strong>把html页面放在类路径下的templates文件夹下，</strong>thymeleaf就可以帮我们自动渲染！</p>
<p>​    <strong>使用thymeleaf什么都不需要配置，只需要将他放在指定的文件夹下即可！</strong></p>
<h2 id="4-测试-Thymeleaf"><a href="#4-测试-Thymeleaf" class="headerlink" title="4. 测试 Thymeleaf"></a>4. 测试 Thymeleaf</h2><ol>
<li>编写一个TestController</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Controller</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TestController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/t1"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">test1</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//classpath:/templates/test.html</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"test"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li>编写一个test.html页面放在templates目录下：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class="meta-keyword">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">"en"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>Title<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span>测试页面<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h1</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="3">
<li>启动项目请求测试</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="5-Thymeleaf-语法"><a href="#5-Thymeleaf-语法" class="headerlink" title="5. Thymeleaf 语法"></a>5. Thymeleaf 语法</h2><p>要学习语法，还是参考官网文档最为准确，我们找到对应的版本看一下；</p>
<p>Thymeleaf 官网：<a href="https://www.thymeleaf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.thymeleaf.org/</a></p>
<p><strong>我们做个最简单的练习 ：我们需要查出一些数据，在页面中展示</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>在controller中增加数据传输</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//结论：只要需要使用thymeleaf,只需要导入对应的依赖就可以了</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"test"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">test</span><span class="params">(Model model)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    model.addAttribute(<span class="string">"msg"</span>,<span class="string">"&lt;h1&gt;helloSpringBoot&lt;/h1&gt;"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    model.addAttribute(<span class="string">"users"</span>, Arrays.asList(<span class="string">"zhuuu"</span>,<span class="string">"朱酱酱"</span>));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"test"</span>;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li>要使用thymeleaf，需要在html文件中导入命名空间的约束，方便提示。可以去官方文档中看一下命名空间拿来过来：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="3">
<li>编写前端页面</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&lt;!DOCTYPE <span class="meta-keyword">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">lang</span>=<span class="string">"en"</span> <span class="attr">xmlns:th</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.thymeleaf.org"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">meta</span> <span class="attr">charset</span>=<span class="string">"UTF-8"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span>Title<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">&lt;!--所有的html元素都可以被thymeleaf接管 th:元素名--&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">th:text</span>=<span class="string">"$&#123;msg&#125;"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span> <span class="attr">th:utext</span>=<span class="string">"$&#123;msg&#125;"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">hr</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">h3</span> <span class="attr">th:each</span>=<span class="string">"user:$&#123;users&#125;"</span> <span class="attr">th:text</span>=<span class="string">"$&#123;user&#125;"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">h3</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">html</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200328214849.png" alt=""></p>
<p><strong>OK，入门搞定，来认真研习一下Thymeleaf的使用语法！</strong></p>
<p><strong>1、可以使用任意的 th:attr 来替换Html中原生属性的值！</strong></p>
<p><strong>2、能写哪些表达式呢？</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Simple expressions:（表达式语法）</span><br><span class="line">Variable Expressions: $&#123;...&#125;：获取变量值；OGNL；</span><br><span class="line">    1）、获取对象的属性、调用方法</span><br><span class="line">    2）、使用内置的基本对象：#18</span><br><span class="line">         #ctx : the context object.</span><br><span class="line">         #vars: the context variables.</span><br><span class="line">         #locale : the context locale.</span><br><span class="line">         #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.</span><br><span class="line">         #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.</span><br><span class="line">         #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.</span><br><span class="line">         #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    3）、内置的一些工具对象：</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#execInfo : information about the template being processed.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#objects : methods for objects in general.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#arrays : methods for arrays.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#lists : methods for lists.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#sets : methods for sets.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#maps : methods for maps.</span><br><span class="line">　　　　　　#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.</span><br><span class="line">==================================================================================</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">  Selection Variable Expressions: *&#123;...&#125;：选择表达式：和$&#123;&#125;在功能上是一样；</span><br><span class="line">  Message Expressions: #&#123;...&#125;：获取国际化内容</span><br><span class="line">  Link URL Expressions: @&#123;...&#125;：定义URL；</span><br><span class="line">  Fragment Expressions: ~&#123;...&#125;：片段引用表达式</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Literals（字面量）</span><br><span class="line">      Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…</span><br><span class="line">      Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…</span><br><span class="line">      Boolean literals: true , false</span><br><span class="line">      Null literal: null</span><br><span class="line">      Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…</span><br><span class="line">      </span><br><span class="line">Text operations:（文本操作）</span><br><span class="line">    String concatenation: +</span><br><span class="line">    Literal substitutions: |The name is $&#123;name&#125;|</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）</span><br><span class="line">    Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %</span><br><span class="line">    Minus sign (unary operator): -</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">Boolean operations:（布尔运算）</span><br><span class="line">    Binary operators: and , or</span><br><span class="line">    Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）</span><br><span class="line">    Comparators: &gt; , <span class="tag">&lt; , &gt;</span>= , <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">=</span> ( <span class="attr">gt</span> , <span class="attr">lt</span> , <span class="attr">ge</span> , <span class="attr">le</span> )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">Equality</span> <span class="attr">operators:</span> == <span class="string">,</span> != <span class="string">(</span> <span class="attr">eq</span> , <span class="attr">ne</span> )</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="attr">Conditional</span> <span class="attr">operators:</span>条件运算（三元运算符）</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">If-then:</span> (<span class="attr">if</span>) ? (<span class="attr">then</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">If-then-else:</span> (<span class="attr">if</span>) ? (<span class="attr">then</span>) <span class="attr">:</span> (<span class="attr">else</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">Default:</span> (<span class="attr">value</span>) ?<span class="attr">:</span> (<span class="attr">defaultvalue</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    </span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="attr">Special</span> <span class="attr">tokens:</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">    <span class="attr">No-Operation:</span> <span class="attr">_</span></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


      
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